These knops may be hollow or solid and invariably have at least one collar below. This is an anglicised version of a Dutch style, probably introduced to England around the accession of William and Mary, 1688/9. However, jugs produced by George Ravenscroft in the late 1670s or early 1680s, also have a hollow quatrefoil knop. This may well have been the result of Dutch influence from the Nijmegan glass house owner Da Costa that he relied on to introduce the new glass technology. Thus it is possible that this group has its roots a little earlier, but no direct evidence is available to support this. Unlikely to have been made much after 1695, examples of this type have turned up in most excavations carried out at Port Royal in Jamaica in the area of the 1692 earthquake (Marx 1968, Mayes 197?, McClenaghan 1988).
Classification - Group 8, Glass stems with central quatrefoil knops
For notes on the 17th Century glass classification used Click here. Unlike the classifications of some earlier stem forms, the basic form of the this stem does not always include a strengthening merese at either the stem- to-bowl and the stem-to-foot junctions.